AI in Libraries: Unlocking the Potential for Public Libraries

AI and Libraries: Applications, Implications, and Possibilities

Opening Keynote at the Library 2.0 Mini-Conference

Introduction

The Library 2.0 mini-conference titled "AI and Libraries: Applications, Implications, and Possibilities" was held, featuring an opening keynote panel discussion. The conference was organized by San Jose State University's School of Information, with special thanks extended to Dr. Sandra Hirsh and Dr. Anthony Chow for their leadership. The keynote was moderated by Dr. Raymond Pun, an academic and research librarian at Alder Graduate School of Education and a prominent figure in the field.

Panelists

The panel consisted of esteemed professionals from various library settings:

• Ida Mae Craddock: School Librarian at Albemarle County Public Schools' Community Lab Schools in Virginia.
• Dr. Brandy McNeil: Deputy Director of Programs and Services at the New York Public Library.
• Dr. Leo Lo: Dean and Professor of the College of University Libraries and Learning Sciences at the University of New Mexico.

AI in Different Library Contexts

Public Libraries

Dr. Brandy McNeil discussed how public libraries are integrating AI to enhance both internal and external operations. Key applications include:

• Automating FAQs and email responses.
• Assisting with customer complaints and inquiries.
• Creating curriculum outlines and scheduling.
• Cataloging books and ensuring data accuracy.
• Offering information literacy classes on AI basics.

She highlighted the establishment of an AI committee at the New York Public Library, modeled after the Library of Congress's phases of AI—understanding, experimenting, and implementing. The committee explores AI tools like Whisper AI and the Devon software (an AI software engineer), and collaborates with institutions like the Library of Congress.

School Libraries

Ida Mae Craddock shared insights from the school library perspective, noting that school librarians are often the first to encounter and integrate new technologies. AI is being used for:

• Generating essays and leveling texts to match student reading levels.
• Translating materials to make curriculum accessible to non-native English speakers.
• Creating custom educational materials quickly.
• Processing data and scheduling.

She emphasized the importance of policies guiding AI use in schools, particularly regarding student data privacy and compliance with laws like FERPA.

Academic Libraries

Dr. Leo Lo discussed the exploration of AI in academic libraries, particularly generative AI. The University of New Mexico initiated a GPT-4 exploration program involving staff from different units with varying levels of AI expertise. Applications included:

• Generating alt text for images and editing bibliographies.
• Developing machine-readable data management plans.
• Facilitating staff-patron interactions using AI-generated templates and FAQs.
• Using AI for cataloging and metadata management.
• Assisting with administrative tasks like scheduling and email drafting.

Dr. Lo emphasized the importance of experimenting with AI to discover its potential benefits and limitations within the academic library context.

Popular AI Tools and Applications

The panelists discussed various AI tools being utilized in their respective settings:

Tools in Public Libraries

• ChatGPT: Used for a variety of tasks, with some staff using the paid version for advanced features.
• Canva Magic Studio: For creating promotional materials and program flyers.
• Midjourney and Stable Diffusion: Image generation tools.
• Microsoft Co-Pilot and Google's Duet AI: For productivity and note-taking features.
• Otter AI: For transcription and translation services.
• Quick Draw by Google and Goblin Tools: For educational demonstrations of AI capabilities.
• Adobe Firefly and Character.ai: For creative and interactive experiences.

Tools in School Libraries

• ChatGPT: For natural language processing tasks and assisting students in generating research topics.
• BigHugeLabs Image Editor: For easy image editing tasks.
• Diffit: For leveling texts and generating practice questions aligned with testing cultures in schools.
• Google Immersive Translate and Rask AI: For translating materials to support multilingual students.
• OpenAI Codex and TabNine: For coding and creating custom AI models to process specific data.

Tools in Academic Libraries

• ChatGPT and GPT-4: For various research and administrative tasks.
• Claude from Anthropic and Google Bard: Alternative AI models for exploration.
• Perplexity AI: A tool that could potentially change information discovery processes.
• Scite.ai and Kendra: Research-oriented models for academic purposes.
• Elsevier's Scopus AI: An AI developed by publishers to assist with academic research.

Concerns and Ethical Considerations

Policy and Privacy Issues

The panelists emphasized the importance of policies guiding AI use, especially concerning data privacy, equity, and access. Key points included:

• Ensuring student data privacy in compliance with laws like FERPA.
• Addressing the digital divide and information privilege associated with access to AI tools.
• The need for clear institutional policies to guide AI use in educational settings.

Copyright and Intellectual Property

The discussion highlighted significant concerns regarding AI's impact on copyright and intellectual property:

• Ongoing lawsuits against AI companies for copyright infringement and the use of copyrighted materials in training data.
• The complexity of citing AI-generated content and the ethical implications of using AI outputs in academic work.
• The need for balanced approaches to protect creators' rights while allowing AI to be used for research and educational purposes.

Bias, Equity, and Labor Practices

Other concerns included:

• Biases present in AI models due to the data they are trained on, affecting marginalized communities.
• Environmental impacts of large data centers required for AI processing.
• Labor practices related to content moderation and the underpaid workforce behind AI technologies.

Resources and Staying Informed

The panelists shared various resources for librarians and professionals to stay updated on AI developments:

• Attending conferences and workshops, such as those hosted by the Public Library Association and the American Library Association.
• Following technology news outlets like The Verge, Mashable, Wired, CNET, and MIT Technology Review.
• Engaging with local tech platforms and staying informed about funding opportunities and industry trends.
• Reading reports from organizations like the Pew Research Center and the Center for an Urban Future.
• Following thought leaders and experts in the field on social media and professional networks.
• Utilizing library-specific publications like School Library Journal and Knowledge Quest.
• Listening to relevant podcasts and webinars, such as those offered by Choice 360 and New York Times' "Hard Fork."

Impact on Library Workforce and Future Outlook

The panelists concluded with reflections on how AI might impact the library workforce:

• Ida Mae Craddock expressed optimism that AI would not replace school librarians but would change certain aspects of the job, emphasizing the irreplaceable role of librarians in teaching critical thinking and fostering a love of reading.
• Dr. Leo Lo highlighted the importance of upskilling and reskilling, suggesting that AI would change job functions rather than eliminate positions. He mentioned efforts to develop AI competencies for library workers through organizations like ACRL.
• Dr. Brandy McNeil noted that while AI might not replace people, it could replace those who do not know how to use it effectively. She emphasized the emergence of new job roles like prompt engineering and the need for library professionals to adapt.

Conclusion

The opening keynote of the Library 2.0 mini-conference provided valuable insights into the current state and future possibilities of AI in various library contexts. The panelists highlighted both the practical applications and the ethical considerations that come with integrating AI into library services. Key takeaways include:

• The transformative potential of AI to enhance library operations, accessibility, and user engagement.
• The critical importance of policies, ethical considerations, and ongoing dialogue to navigate challenges related to privacy, equity, and intellectual property.
• The need for library professionals to stay informed, adapt to new technologies, and continue their role as educators and facilitators in an evolving information landscape.

The conference emphasized that while AI presents significant opportunities for innovation, it also requires thoughtful implementation and a commitment to addressing its broader societal impacts.

Additional Information

The panelists encouraged attendees to participate in upcoming sessions of the mini-conference and to engage with resources and networks to further explore AI's role in libraries.

Revolutionizing Research: A Look at AI and Data Innovations in Higher Education

New AI and Data Innovations in the Classroom: A Roundtable Discussion

Presented by Miraj Berry, Brian Cooper, Josh Nicholson, and Joe Karaganis

Introduction

The Charleston Library Conference hosted a virtual roundtable discussion titled "New AI and Data Innovations in the Classroom". The session brought together experts in the field of educational technology to discuss the application and usefulness of AI tools and databases in higher education settings. The panelists included:

• Miraj Berry: Director of Business Development at Overton.
• Brian Cooper: Associate Dean of Innovation and Learning at Florida International University (FIU) Libraries.
• Josh Nicholson: Founder and CEO of Scite.
• Joe Karaganis: Director of Open Syllabus.

The 30-minute session, followed by a 10-minute live Q&A, aimed to explore the use cases of three innovative tools—Overton, Scite, and Open Syllabus—and their impact on teaching, learning, and library services in higher education. The discussion focused on how these tools leverage AI and large data sets to enhance content discovery, support classroom instruction, and contribute to textbook affordability and collection development initiatives.

Overview of the Tools

Overton

Overton is the world's largest database of policy documents and grey literature. It indexes over 9.3 million policy documents from more than 1,800 sources across 32,000 organizations in 188 countries. The platform makes policy documents easily searchable and discoverable by indexing their full text and linking them to academic papers, relevant people, topics, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Miraj explained that Overton's mission is to support evidence-based policymaking by providing a platform that allows users to explore the connections between policy documents and scholarly research. Overton helps surface content that might otherwise be difficult to find, putting existing content into perspective for researchers, students, and policymakers.

Open Syllabus

Open Syllabus is an open-source syllabus archive that collects and analyzes millions of syllabi from around the world. With a database of around 20 million syllabi, the platform uses AI and machine learning to extract structured information from these documents, such as course descriptions, reading lists, and learning outcomes.

Joe highlighted that Open Syllabus aims to make the intellectual backdrop of teaching more accessible. By aggregating syllabi at scale, the platform provides insights into what is being taught, how subjects are structured, and which materials are considered central or peripheral in various fields. This information can inform curricular design, collection development, and OER (Open Educational Resources) adoption initiatives.

Scite

Scite is an AI-powered platform designed to help users better understand and evaluate research articles. By leveraging machine learning, Scite processes millions of full-text PDFs to extract citation statements, providing context on how and why an article, researcher, journal, or university has been cited.

Josh explained that Scite addresses challenges related to information overload and trust in scholarly communication. The platform offers a "next-generation citation index" that brings more nuance and context to citations, enabling users to discover, trust, evaluate, and use research more effectively. Scite also integrates with large language models to provide fact-checking and grounding against the scientific literature.

Challenges and Opportunities in Adopting AI Tools

Critical Evaluation and Adoption

The panelists discussed the importance of critically evaluating AI tools before adopting them in educational settings. Josh emphasized that while large language models like ChatGPT offer powerful capabilities, they can also produce untrustworthy or fabricated information. Therefore, it's crucial to implement guardrails, such as providing citations and allowing users to verify sources.

Joe added that the barriers to textual analysis have significantly decreased due to advancements in AI and machine learning. This democratization means that specialized capabilities are now accessible to a broader audience, but it also raises questions about data aggregation, ethical considerations, and the responsible use of AI in education.

Supporting Staff and Students

Brian shared insights from the librarian's perspective, highlighting the challenges and initiatives at FIU in supporting textbook affordability and collection development. He noted that librarians play a neutral role in fostering AI literacy among students and faculty. By creating resources like LibGuides and engaging with faculty liaisons, libraries can help navigate the complexities of AI and digital tools.

The panelists agreed that it's essential to provide advice, training, and support for staff and student consumption of these tools. This includes understanding where these technologies might be useful, testing them, and finding possible ways to package them for educational purposes.

Feedback Channels and Collaboration

Effective adoption of AI tools requires collaboration among various stakeholders, including students, teachers, librarians, and technology vendors. The panelists discussed the importance of establishing feedback channels to gather input from users and to refine the tools based on real-world needs.

Josh mentioned that libraries have a critical role in guiding researchers and students through the suite of available tools, helping them understand the strengths and limitations of each. By being proactive and embracing these technologies, libraries can better support their communities in an era of rapid technological change.

Use Cases and Impact

Overton's Application in Policy Research

Miraj highlighted how Overton supports evidence-based policymaking by making grey literature and policy documents more accessible. Researchers and students can discover policy documents related to their field of study, explore citations between policy and academic literature, and gain a broader understanding of the policy landscape.

This accessibility enables users to incorporate policy perspectives into their research and teaching, fostering a more interdisciplinary approach to education.

Open Syllabus and Curriculum Development

Joe discussed how Open Syllabus aids in curriculum development and OER adoption. By analyzing syllabi at scale, the platform can identify commonly assigned materials, trends in subject matter, and gaps in available resources. This information can inform collection development decisions and help educators select materials that align with their instructional goals.

Brian shared that FIU is leveraging Open Syllabus to map out peer-reviewed OER materials aligned with classes nationwide. By correlating these with existing classes at FIU, faculty can be informed about OER options that their peers are using, promoting textbook affordability and enhancing student success.

Scite's Role in Research and Education

Josh explained that Scite helps address the challenges of information overload and the need for trustworthy sources. By providing context to citations and integrating with large language models, Scite allows users to fact-check information and understand the credibility of sources more effectively.

In educational settings, Scite can assist students in starting quality research papers by guiding them to relevant and reliable sources, thereby enhancing the research and learning process.

The Role of Libraries and Vendors

Libraries as Facilitators

Brian emphasized that libraries are in a unique position to bridge the gap between technology and users. By engaging in new and novel ways with their constituencies, libraries can support the adoption of AI tools, promote AI literacy, and contribute to student and faculty success.

He highlighted the potential for libraries to expand their involvement in areas like institutional effectiveness and accreditation by leveraging data and insights from tools like Open Syllabus and Scite.

Vendor Collaboration

The panelists agreed that collaboration between libraries and vendors is essential for maximizing the benefits of AI tools. Vendors can support libraries by providing data, integrating with existing systems, and offering solutions that address specific institutional needs.

Miraj mentioned Overton's commitment to being a responsible data provider, focusing on ethical considerations and user needs. Josh added that understanding how these tools can be used responsibly and developing training materials are critical steps in ensuring their effective adoption.

Conclusion

The roundtable discussion highlighted the transformative potential of AI and data innovations in the classroom and library services. By leveraging tools like Overton, Open Syllabus, and Scite, educational institutions can enhance teaching and learning experiences, support evidence-based research, promote textbook affordability, and foster AI literacy among students and faculty.

The panelists underscored the importance of critically evaluating these tools, providing support and training, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders. Libraries, in particular, have a pivotal role in guiding the adoption of AI technologies and ensuring they are used ethically and effectively.

As the landscape of educational technology continues to evolve, ongoing dialogue and partnerships will be crucial in addressing challenges and harnessing opportunities to improve education in the digital age.

Contact Information

• Overton: Visit overton.io or contact Miraj at miraj@overton.io.
• Open Syllabus: Learn more at opensyllabus.org.
• Scite: Explore Scite at scite.ai.
• Florida International University Libraries: Visit library.fiu.edu.

From Theory to Practice: How Educators are Using Packback to Boost Student Engagement

Instructional AI: A Master Class in Packback Adoption and Integration

Presented by Devon McGuire and Juliet Rogers

Introduction

In a recent webinar titled "Instructional AI: A Master Class in Packback Adoption and Integration", educators Devon McGuire and Juliet Rogers shared valuable insights into the integration of instructional AI tools in the classroom. The webinar aimed to guide teachers on effectively adopting Packback, an AI-powered platform designed to enhance student engagement, critical thinking, and writing skills.

Devon McGuire, the Director of Academic Innovation and Strategy at Packback, brought her extensive experience in educational technology to the session. Juliet Rogers, a veteran teacher with 24 years of experience at Pasadena Independent School District, provided a practical perspective based on her firsthand experience using Packback in her 10th-grade AVID (Advancement Via Individual Determination) elective class.

Understanding Instructional AI and Packback

Instructional AI refers to artificial intelligence tools specifically designed to augment the teaching and learning process. Unlike general AI applications, instructional AI focuses on enhancing the educational environment by supporting both instructors and students. Packback is one such platform that leverages AI to foster critical thinking and improve writing skills among students.

Devon explained that Packback has been utilizing AI since 2017, initially in higher education. Recognizing the opportunity to support students in developing college and career readiness skills, Packback formed a partnership with AVID, aligning with their mission to promote inquiry-based learning and student engagement.

Juliet Rogers' Journey with Packback

Juliet shared her motivation for incorporating Packback into her classroom. Despite her extensive teaching experience, she noticed that her students were struggling with writing, a critical skill for college success. She wanted a tool that could assist her students without turning her AVID elective into an English class.

After learning about Packback during an AVID training session, Juliet was eager to implement it. She appreciated that Packback didn't just correct student mistakes but also provided explanations, helping students learn from their errors. The platform's ability to handle tedious tasks like grading grammar, mechanics, and formatting freed Juliet to focus on more impactful teaching activities.

Implementing Packback in the Classroom

Weekly Routine and Integration with AVID Strategies

Juliet described how she integrated Packback into her weekly teaching routine. Every day, she began with a warm-up activity, and several times a week, this included a Packback assignment. The platform operates on a two-week rotation, allowing students ample time to engage with the material.

At the start of each week, students conducted a "weekly check-in" where they reviewed their grades and identified areas where they were struggling. Using this reflection, they crafted open-ended questions related to their core or college classes, aligning with AVID's Tutorial Request Form (TRF) process.

Juliet emphasized that the questions had to meet certain criteria, such as being open-ended and reaching a minimum "Curiosity Score" provided by Packback's AI. Students were also encouraged to include SAT vocabulary words in their posts, reinforcing their language skills.

Engaging in Inquiry-Based Discussions

Throughout the two-week period, students were required to respond to at least two of their peers' questions. Juliet guided them to choose classmates who hadn't received responses yet, promoting inclusivity and ensuring that all students received support.

The Packback platform's design encouraged students to engage in higher-order thinking, as they had to formulate thoughtful questions and provide substantive responses. This practice mirrored the collaborative and inquiry-based learning emphasized in AVID's strategies.

Leveraging Packback's Features

Curiosity Score and Leaderboard

The Curiosity Score is an AI-generated metric that evaluates the quality of student posts based on criteria like open-endedness, academic tone, and the use of credible sources. Juliet set a minimum Curiosity Score of 40 to encourage students to meet certain standards.

The Leaderboard feature fostered a friendly competition among students, motivating them to improve their scores and engage more deeply with the content. Juliet noted that students became excited about their progress and the recognition they received.

Deep Dives for Writing Practice

In addition to the regular discussions, Juliet utilized Packback's "Deep Dives" feature for more extensive writing assignments. This tool allowed her to create custom rubrics focusing on aspects like word count, grammar, formatting, and flow. She could set specific requirements, such as using APA or MLA citation styles, which helped students prepare for college-level writing.

Juliet shared an example of a student whose writing significantly improved over time, demonstrating the effectiveness of the Deep Dives in enhancing students' writing skills. The AI provided detailed feedback, highlighting areas for improvement and guiding students through revisions.

AI-Powered Feedback and Plagiarism Detection

Packback's AI not only graded assignments but also provided constructive feedback. It pointed out issues like repetitive language or formatting errors, allowing students to learn and correct mistakes independently.

The platform also included plagiarism and AI content detection features. If a student's submission appeared to be copied or generated by AI, Packback would alert the student privately, giving them an opportunity to revise their work. This approach promoted academic integrity while educating students about ethical writing practices.

Impact on Students and Learning Outcomes

Improved Writing Skills and Confidence

Juliet observed that her students' writing abilities improved noticeably over time. The regular practice and immediate feedback helped them develop stronger grammar, vocabulary, and critical thinking skills. Students began to produce more substantive and thoughtful responses, moving beyond superficial answers.

Preparation for College Expectations

The use of Packback familiarized students with discussion boards, a common component in college courses. Juliet's students, including alumni who returned to share their experiences, reported that they felt more prepared and confident in their college classes due to their practice with Packback.

One former student expressed that Packback "saved me" in college, highlighting the platform's role in easing the transition to higher education's writing and discussion demands.

Challenges and Student Feedback

While there was an initial learning curve and some resistance from students who were unaccustomed to the platform, over time, they recognized its benefits. Juliet noted that teenagers might grumble about extra work, but the growth in their skills and confidence eventually led to appreciation for the tool.

She also addressed the prevalent issue of academic dishonesty in the digital age. By integrating Packback, she provided a structured environment that discouraged cheating and emphasized the importance of original thought and effort.

Advice for Educators Considering Packback

Juliet encouraged other educators to embrace instructional AI tools like Packback, emphasizing the support and resources available. She highlighted the importance of setting clear expectations, integrating the platform into regular routines, and using it to reinforce existing instructional strategies like AVID's WICOR (Writing, Inquiry, Collaboration, Organization, Reading) framework.

Devon added that educators interested in adopting Packback should attend general training sessions to understand the foundational aspects and ensure they have the necessary district approvals, especially regarding data privacy agreements.

Conclusion

The webinar showcased how instructional AI, when thoughtfully integrated into the classroom, can significantly enhance student engagement, writing proficiency, and readiness for college-level work. Juliet's practical application of Packback in her AVID elective class provided a roadmap for other educators seeking to leverage technology to support their teaching goals.

By focusing on critical thinking, inquiry-based learning, and ethical practices, tools like Packback can play a crucial role in preparing students for the demands of higher education and beyond.

Resources and Next Steps

• Training Sessions: Educators can access recordings and training sessions at packback.co/webinars to familiarize themselves with the platform.
• Support Contacts: For assistance and onboarding, teachers can reach out to Packback representatives like Madison Shay.
• District Approval: Ensure that district consent and data privacy agreements are secured before implementation to protect student information.
• Integration with Curriculum: Align Packback activities with existing curricular frameworks like AVID to maximize effectiveness and reinforce learning objectives.

By embracing instructional AI, educators can provide their students with the tools and skills necessary to succeed in an increasingly digital and interconnected world.

Exploring the Intersection of AI and Archives: Key Insights from Experts

Opening Keynote: AI and Archives – Applications, Implications, and Possibilities

Presented by Ray Pun, Helen Wong Smith, and Thomas Padilla at the AI and Libraries 2 Mini Conference

Introduction

In the opening keynote of the "AI and Libraries 2: More Applications, Implications, and Possibilities" mini conference, Ray Pun welcomed attendees to an engaging session focused on the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and archives. The event built upon the previous month's conference, which saw over 16,000 sign-ups, and celebrated Ray Pun's recent election as President-Elect of the American Library Association (ALA).

Joining Ray Pun were two distinguished professionals in the field of archives:

• Helen Wong Smith: President of the Society of American Archivists (SAA) and Archivist for University Records at the University of Hawaii at Mānoa.
• Thomas Padilla: Deputy Director of Archiving and Data Services at the Internet Archive.

The session aimed to explore the current landscape of AI in archives, discuss ethical considerations, and examine how AI can make born-digital collections more accessible and usable.

The Professional Landscape of AI in Archives

Helen Wong Smith's Perspective

Helen emphasized that AI integration into the archival profession offers promising opportunities for enhancing efficiency, accessibility, and deriving new insights from archival collections. However, she also highlighted several challenges that require careful management:

• Quality and Ethics: Ensuring that AI-generated metadata and content maintain the authenticity and trustworthiness of archival records.
• Privacy: Navigating data privacy concerns when implementing AI technologies.
• Professional Adaptation: The need for ongoing dialogue, research, and training to effectively integrate AI while preserving the nature of archival records.

Helen introduced the concept of "paradata," which involves capturing information about the procedures, tools, and individuals involved in creating and processing information resources. She stressed that paradata is essential for maintaining the authenticity, reliability, and usability of records in the context of AI-generated content.

Thomas Padilla's Perspective

Thomas noted the significant engagement of senior leadership in exploring the potential of AI within libraries and archives. He mentioned initiatives like the ARL (Association of Research Libraries) and CNI (Coalition for Networked Information) Task Force focused on scenario planning for AI in these fields.

However, Thomas expressed concerns about the for-profit capture of library and archival work, cautioning against over-reliance on specific products or proprietary technologies. He emphasized the importance of a more holistic and less product-centric approach to AI integration, suggesting that focusing on overarching frameworks and values would be more beneficial for the profession.

Ethical Considerations in AI and Archival Processing

Thomas Padilla's Insights

Thomas highlighted the ethical complexities that arise when AI perpetuates existing societal biases, referencing Safiya Noble's work on "Algorithms of Oppression." He argued that it's insufficient to accept these biases as inevitable and stressed the need for proactive responses to address inequities exacerbated by AI technologies.

He advocated for "bias management," suggesting that while subjectivity in archival description is unavoidable, it must be anchored in consistent values that prioritize human rights and historical understanding. Thomas also called for regulatory frameworks to provide clarity and consistency in ethical approaches to AI in archives.

Helen Wong Smith's Insights

Helen echoed the importance of addressing biases in AI-generated metadata and content. She raised concerns about AI's potential to perpetuate inaccuracies and misconceptions, particularly in generative AI that produces new content based on existing data.

She emphasized the necessity of codified record-keeping practices for creators using AI, referencing Jessica Bushey's work on AI-generated images as an emergent record format. Helen reiterated the importance of paradata in documenting not just the tools used but also the reasons, methods, and contexts in which they are applied.

AI and Born-Digital Archives

Enhancing Accessibility and Usability

Helen outlined several ways AI can improve access to born-digital collections:

• Automating metadata creation
• Content classification
• Natural language processing
• Image recognition
• Enhanced search capabilities

However, she also identified barriers to implementation, including:

• Lack of knowledge and competencies within the archival profession
• Reliable technologies and interoperability issues
• Economic constraints and personnel expertise
• Data privacy and security concerns
• Ethical considerations and cultural sensitivity

Addressing Backlogs with AI

Thomas discussed the potential of AI in addressing access issues for backlogged materials, particularly those in less commonly known languages. He highlighted the challenge of insufficient resources and the difficulty in hiring personnel with the necessary language skills to catalog these materials.

Thomas proposed leveraging AI advancements in world languages, possibly in collaboration with companies like Meta, to process and make these materials discoverable. He emphasized that minimal digitization combined with AI could help fulfill the access and preservation mission of archives.

Staying Informed and Managing Overwhelm

Thomas Padilla's Approach

Thomas acknowledged the feeling of overwhelm many professionals experience due to the rapid developments in AI. He recommended:

• Adopting a utilitarian approach to AI as a tool
• Grounding oneself in the history and values of the profession
• Practicing careful curation of information sources
• Utilizing platforms like LinkedIn for professional updates
• Setting up curated Google Alerts for topics like AI in libraries, archives, and regulation

Helen Wong Smith's Resources

Helen suggested leveraging collaborative initiatives like the InterPARES Trust AI project, an international and interdisciplinary effort aimed at designing and developing AI to support trustworthy public records. The project's goals include:

• Identifying AI technologies to address critical records and archival challenges
• Determining the benefits and risks of using AI on records and archives
• Ensuring archival concepts and principles inform the development of responsible AI
• Validating outcomes through case studies and demonstrations

Helen emphasized the importance of engaging with such resources to stay informed and contribute to the ongoing dialogue around AI in archives.

Conclusion

The opening keynote provided valuable insights into the intersection of AI and archives, highlighting both opportunities and challenges. Ray Pun thanked the speakers and attendees, encouraging continued dialogue and exploration of these critical topics.

As AI technologies continue to evolve, the archival profession must navigate ethical considerations, enhance competencies, and develop strategies to leverage AI responsibly. By fostering collaboration, staying informed, and grounding practices in core values, archivists can effectively integrate AI to enhance accessibility and preservation.

Note: This summary is based on the opening keynote delivered by Ray Pun, Helen Wong Smith, and Thomas Padilla at the AI and Libraries 2 Mini Conference.

The Impact of AI on Information Literacy: Introducing the "Artificial Intelligence and Information Literacy" Course

Planning a Credit-Bearing Course on AI and Information Literacy

Presented by Alyssa Russo and David Hurley from the University of New Mexico

Introduction

Alyssa Russo, Learning Services Librarian, and David Hurley, Discovery and Web Librarian at the University of New Mexico (UNM), shared their experiences and plans for developing a credit-bearing course titled "Artificial Intelligence and Information Literacy." This presentation delved into the rationale, structure, and pedagogical approaches they considered while designing the course, aiming to integrate generative AI tools like ChatGPT into information literacy instruction.

Background and Context

The advent of ChatGPT and similar generative AI technologies prompted librarians at UNM to reconsider their approaches to information literacy instruction. Recognizing the profound impact of AI on information systems and user behavior, Russo and Hurley sought to develop a course that not only addressed the practical use of AI tools but also engaged students in critical thinking about the social and ethical implications of these technologies.

At UNM, the library operates within a unique structure, being part of the Organizational Information and Learning Sciences (OILS) program. This affiliation allows librarians to teach credit-bearing courses that explore theoretical aspects of information literacy beyond traditional library instruction. Leveraging this opportunity, Russo and Hurley aimed to create a three-credit course that would encourage students to think critically about how AI reshapes information landscapes.

Inspirational Framework

The presenters drew inspiration from Barbara Fister's perspective on information literacy, emphasizing the need to understand the architectures, infrastructures, and belief systems that shape our information environment. They recognized that generative AI challenges conventional notions of authority, value, and the processes underlying information creation and dissemination.

Hurley noted parallels between current responses to AI and past reactions to disruptive technologies like Google and Wikipedia. In the early days of the web, librarians grappled with similar concerns about information quality and authority. By examining historical responses—ranging from rejection to revolutionary integration—they identified strategies to effectively incorporate AI into information literacy education.

Course Structure and Objectives

Utilizing the ACRL Framework

To provide a solid foundation, the course was structured around the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. Each of the six frames served as a module, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of core concepts. This approach also aligned well with the eight-week accelerated format of the course, providing sufficient time for introduction, in-depth exploration, and reflection.

Hybrid Learning Model

Recognizing the benefits of both in-person and online learning, the course was designed as a hybrid. Meeting twice a week, the first session would introduce key concepts and AI tools, while the second would be student-led, fostering a community of practice. This structure aimed to balance guided instruction with collaborative learning, encouraging students to share insights and take ownership of their learning process.

Target Audience and Enrollment

The course was intended for upper-division undergraduates who had prior college-level coursework. This prerequisite ensured that students possessed foundational academic skills, enabling them to engage deeply with complex topics and contribute meaningfully to discussions and projects.

Assignments and Activities

Researchers' Notebook

A central component of the course was the "Researchers' Notebook," an iterative assignment where students documented their evolving thoughts, questions, and interactions with AI tools. This notebook aimed to make the research process visible, emphasizing the development of inquiry skills and reflective practice. By capturing moments of discovery, frustration, and dialogue with AI, students could illustrate their understanding of information literacy concepts in a tangible way.

Module Deep Dive: Research as Inquiry

Focusing on the ACRL frame "Research as Inquiry," one module exemplified the course's pedagogical approach. The objectives were to have students view research as an open-ended exploration and to formulate increasingly sophisticated questions. Activities included:

• Question Formulation Technique: Students engaged in generating, refining, and prioritizing questions related to AI. This collaborative exercise encouraged curiosity and critical thinking, serving as a model for ongoing inquiry throughout the course.
• Walk and Talk Activity: Adapted from the University of Arizona's Atlas of Creative Tools, this exercise involved students pairing up and discussing prompts while walking around campus. Questions like "What is curiosity to you?" and "What challenges does AI face in understanding human questions?" facilitated deeper engagement and embodied learning.

Other Modules and Activities

While the presentation focused on one module in detail, Russo and Hurley outlined plans for other modules based on the remaining ACRL frames. These included activities such as:

• Authority Is Constructed and Contextual: Exploring how authority is established in different information sources and how AI-generated content challenges traditional notions of authority.
• Searching as Strategic Exploration: Comparing search strategies in traditional databases versus AI tools, emphasizing iteration and strategy refinement.
• Information Has Value: Discussing the ethical, legal, and economic implications of AI-generated content, including issues of intellectual property and environmental impact.

Challenges and Reflections

Despite their thorough planning, Russo and Hurley faced challenges in promoting and enrolling students in the course. Both were on different types of leave during critical promotion periods, resulting in insufficient enrollment for the course to run as scheduled. Initially disappointed, they reconsidered and recognized that the course content remained relevant and valuable, even as the initial hype around AI began to settle.

They emphasized that the rapidly evolving nature of AI and its integration into various aspects of society make such a course timely and essential. By sharing their experience, they hoped to inspire others to develop similar courses or integrate these ideas into existing curricula.

Conclusion and Takeaways

Russo and Hurley's presentation highlighted the importance of adapting information literacy instruction to address the challenges and opportunities presented by generative AI. By framing the course around collaborative exploration and critical engagement, they aimed to empower students to navigate and contribute to the evolving information landscape.

Key takeaways from their experience include:

• The value of integrating established frameworks (like the ACRL frames) with new technologies to provide structure and depth.
• The effectiveness of hybrid learning models in fostering community and active participation.
• The importance of reflective and process-oriented assignments, such as the Researchers' Notebook, in making the research process transparent and meaningful.
• The need for flexibility and adaptability in course planning, acknowledging that challenges like enrollment and shifting student interests may arise.
• The relevance of addressing ethical considerations, including environmental impacts and biases inherent in AI technologies.

Final Thoughts

While their course did not run as initially planned, Russo and Hurley remain optimistic about its potential and relevance. They encouraged other educators and librarians to consider similar approaches, emphasizing that the need for critical engagement with AI and information literacy is ongoing.

Their work serves as a valuable model for integrating emerging technologies into educational practices, fostering not only skill development but also critical awareness and ethical considerations among students.

Note: This summary is based on a presentation by Alyssa Russo and David Hurley on planning a credit-bearing course on AI and information literacy at the University of New Mexico.